Any controlled human study of isolated CBC. There is currently no clinical record to grade, which is why every citation on this page is off-registry.
Cannabichromene (CBC).
CBC is the third branch the plant builds from CBGa — the one that is neither THC nor CBD. Its chemistry is settled and its laboratory pharmacology is genuinely characterised. What does not exist is a single controlled trial in people. This page keeps those apart on purpose, because a receptor assay that drifts into sounding like a clinical result is the commonest way a page like this becomes untrue.
One substrate, three enzymes, three destinations.
CBC is not a side product. It is one of the three committed routes out of the plant’s central branch point.
CBGa — the acid, not neutral CBG — is the substrate. Three synthases compete for it: THCA synthase, CBDA synthase and CBCA synthase. The chromene arm yields CBCA, which decarboxylates to CBC with heat, exactly as CBGa decarboxylates to CBG. Because the three enzymes draw on one pool, how much CBC a plant carries is a consequence of which branch wins — not of a separate pathway. The CBGa monograph sets out the branch point in full.
What is established about CBC, and what is not
- ✓Chemical identityC₂₁H₃₀O₂, molar mass ≈ 314.46 g/mol. Non-intoxicating.
- ✓One of three branches off a single substrateCBCA synthase converts the shared CBGa substrate into CBCA, which decarboxylates to CBC — the same branch-point logic that produces THCA and CBDA down the other two routes. Because the three synthases compete for one substrate, how much CBC a plant carries is a consequence of which branch wins.
- ✓Characterised at TRPA1 — and specifically NOT at several other channelsIn laboratory assays CBC acts at TRPA1 and inhibits anandamide cellular uptake. It is not a TRPV1 or TRPV2 activator, and it was the one phytocannabinoid in its test panel that did not antagonise TRPM8 — so activity reported for CBD, CBG or THC at those channels does not transfer to CBC.
- —Any controlled human trial of isolated CBCThe published work below is in cells and in rodents. Nothing here establishes an effect in a person.
- —Which target carries the effect in a living animalRecombinant-cell work reports CBC as a low-potency CB2 agonist with little CB1 activity, but in mice its anti-oedema effects were not blocked by CB1 or CB2 antagonists, and its gut effects were blocked by neither cannabinoid-receptor nor TRPA1 antagonists. The in-vitro target and the in-vivo mechanism have not been reconciled.
- —A CBC record in this platform's gated registryUntil one is ingested the /library CBC facet reads zero — and says so rather than showing a blank.
- —Human pharmacokineticsAbsorption, dose, and whether the concentrations that act in a dish are reachable in a person at all.
The left column is unusually strong for a minor cannabinoid — CBC has a defined molecular target and a set of channels it demonstrably does not act on. The right column is still empty of people. A compound can be well characterised in a dish and entirely untested as a treatment, and CBC is the clearest example of that on this platform. Nothing on the right is a finding against CBC; it is an absence, and our ladder reserves Not-supported for evidence that weighs against a claim.
What has actually been tested, and in what.
Three papers. One pairs a mechanism with an outcome in the same animal; one reports an effect on channel expression rather than on a channel; one is cells in culture. None is in people, and each row says so before it says anything else.
The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis
What was actually tested: Two systems in one paper. In vitro: mouse peritoneal macrophages activated with LPS, with nitrite levels measured as a readout of nitric oxide production. In vivo: colitis induced in mice with dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS), assessed by myeloperoxidase activity, histology and immunohistochemistry.
CBC significantly reduced LPS-stimulated nitrite levels in macrophages. The effect was mimicked by cannabinoid-receptor and TRPA1 agonists (carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) and was enhanced by CB₁ antagonists — the authors describe tonic CB₁ signalling as being negatively coupled to the effect. CBC did not significantly change the LPS-induced rises in anandamide, iNOS, COX-2 or cannabinoid-receptor expression, but did increase oleoylethanolamide levels. In vivo, CBC ameliorated DNBS-induced colonic inflammation.
What it shows: That CBC acts at TRPA1, dampens nitric oxide production in activated mouse macrophages, and reduced inflammation in one chemically induced mouse model of colitis.
What it does NOT show: Any effect in people, and nothing about inflammatory bowel disease as a human condition. A DNBS model is a chemical insult in a mouse colon, not Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and a result in it is a reason to run further studies rather than evidence of a treatment.
Read it with this: Preclinical only. This is the closest CBC parallel to Borrelli 2013, the murine colitis study the registry does hold for CBG — the designs rhyme, and neither is human evidence.
Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation
What was actually tested: Cannabinoid activity at thermosensitive TRP channels was assessed in rat recombinant TRPV3- and TRPV4-expressing HEK-293 cells. Separately, TRP channel mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in the jejunum and ileum of mice treated with vehicle or with the pro-inflammatory agent croton oil.
CBC is described in this paper as TRPV-inactive — it is the EXPRESSION arm that concerns it. In croton-oil-treated mice, CBC reduced TRPV1β, TRPV3 and TRPV4 mRNA in the jejunum, and TRPV3 and TRPV4 mRNA in the ileum. The authors conclude that cannabinoids can affect both the activity and the expression of TRPV1–4 channels.
What it shows: That CBC changed the expression of several TRPV channels in inflamed mouse intestine — a distinct mechanism from activating or desensitising a channel directly.
What it does NOT show: A clinical effect, or that CBC acts on TRPV channels directly — this paper reports it as TRPV-inactive in the activation assays. Changed mRNA in a mouse gut is a mechanistic observation, not an outcome.
Read it with this: ⚠ Frequently misdated and misdescribed. This paper is 2011, not 2012, and the recombinant channels are RAT, not human. The same record is cited on /cbg-adjacent pages for its CBG findings; this page reads a different finding out of it, which is why it is cited here in prose rather than resolved as a graded CBC record.
The effect of cannabichromene on adult neural stem/progenitor cells
What was actually tested: Cultured adult mouse neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) undergoing differentiation in vitro. Three non-THC phytocannabinoids were compared — cannabidiol, cannabigerol and cannabichromene — with viability, marker expression (nestin, GFAP), ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ATP levels as readouts.
CBC had a positive effect on the viability of mouse NSPCs during differentiation. Nestin (a progenitor marker) was up-regulated and GFAP (an astrocyte marker) down-regulated. CBC stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation with a slower onset than typical MAPK stimulation. A selective adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist counteracted both the ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the nestin up-regulation, implicating adenosine signalling; ATP levels were higher during differentiation in the presence of CBC. The authors' summary is that CBC “raises the viability of NSPCs while inhibiting their differentiation into astroglia”.
What it shows: That CBC changed the viability and differentiation of mouse neural progenitor cells in culture, apparently involving adenosine A₁ signalling.
What it does NOT show: Neuroprotection, cognitive benefit, or any effect on a human brain. These are cells in a dish; the distance between that and a person is the entire clinical development pathway.
Read it with this: In vitro only, and a single study. Reported because it is one of the few papers addressing CBC specifically rather than as an entry in a screening panel.
The murine colitis result rhymes with the CBG colitis study this platform’s registry does hold (Borrelli 2013): similar model, similar direction. That is a reason to find CBC interesting, and it is not a reason to treat the two as equivalent — the CBG record is graded against a registry entry, and this one is cited in prose because no CBC record has passed the gate. There is also an unresolved problem underneath: CBC’s effects in living animals were not blocked by the antagonists of the receptors it engages in a dish, so the mechanism that carries them is genuinely not known.
Two branches from the same substrate.
| Property | CBC | CBG |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | From CBCA (CBCA-synthase branch off CBGa) | Decarboxylation of CBGa |
| Molecular formula | C₂₁H₃₀O₂ · ≈ 314.46 | C₂₁H₃₂O₂ · 316.48 |
| Characterized pharmacology | TRPA1 agonist; inhibits anandamide cellular uptake (published in-vitro work, cited below — not a graded registry record) | α2, 5-HT1A, CB1, TRP (in vitro) |
| Human evidence | None in the registry — catalogue in progress. An absence of catalogued evidence, not a finding against CBC. | One small acute trial (Low) |
What is known about CBC safety, and what is not?
There is no controlled human safety data for isolated CBC — no tolerability trial, no dosing study, and nothing on chronic use. The rodent work reported here generally used high doses, and an animal dose does not translate to a human one. CBC is non-intoxicating, but that is a statement about intoxication, not about safety. Nothing here is medical advice, and nobody should change or stop a prescribed medication on the strength of this page. Safety & reporting.
What new evidence would change what we say about CBC?
Human pharmacokinetics — whether the concentrations active in these cell and rodent systems are achievable in a person.
Independent replication of the murine colitis result, ideally by a group unconnected to the original.
A CBC record entering this platform's gated registry. Until then the /library CBC facet reads zero, deliberately and visibly.
40 questions about CBC, answered honestly.
Statements about CBC's chemical identity, non-intoxicating status, biosynthesis, and its *laboratory (in-vitro)* pharmacology are verified and carry an evidence grade. Statements about **effects, benefits, or uses** (mood, inflammation, pain, "entourage") reflect **claims made by third parties** (manufacturers, media, or preliminary research) — **CBG Atlas does not make, adopt, or affirm them.** Each grade chip links to `/evidence` (how we grade). Where evidence is thin or absent we say so. **Not medical or legal advice.** See the full disclaimer at the foot of this page.
20 carry a rung on the six-rung evidence ladder. 13 carry an evidence state rather than a rung — most often no primary evidence, meaning our registry holds nothing on that question. That is not the same claim as not supported, and we do not render it as one.
What is CBC?
CBC (cannabichromene) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid — one of the major cannabinoids the cannabis plant builds from CBGA, alongside CBG, CBD and THC. CBC's chemical identity is Established. Its effects in people are a different matter: no controlled human trial of CBC has been published, so every therapeutic claim made for it stays catalogue in progress rather than graded.
What does CBC (cannabichromene) mean?
"Cannabichromene" names the molecule's structure: a cannabinoid built around a chromene ring system. "CBC" is its standard abbreviation. It is one of the plant's major phytocannabinoids, non-intoxicating, and chemically distinct from CBD, CBG and THC. The name describes chemistry, not any effect or benefit.
Where does CBC come from — the third major branch from CBGA?
CBC comes from CBGA, the plant's parent "mother" cannabinoid. An enzyme (CBCA synthase) converts CBGA into CBCA — the third major branch, alongside the THCA and CBDA branches — and heat then converts CBCA into CBC. The THCA/CBDA synthases also yield some CBCA (Zirpel 2018).
Is CBC natural or synthetic?
CBC is natural. It is a phytocannabinoid produced by the cannabis/hemp plant, formed when heat decarboxylates plant-made CBCA into CBC. It can also be manufactured synthetically or semi-synthetically for research and some products, but the CBC in hemp extracts is a naturally occurring plant compound.
Does CBC get you high?
No. CBC is non-intoxicating — it does not produce the "high" associated with THC. Unlike THC, it is not known to act as a CB1 receptor agonist, the mechanism behind cannabis intoxication. This non-intoxicating status is well established for CBC as a compound.
Is CBC psychoactive?
CBC is non-intoxicating — it does not cause a THC-like high. "Psychoactive" is a broader term (anything affecting the brain); some cannabinoids may subtly influence mood without intoxicating. For CBC, any such effects in people are not established. What's clear: CBC does not impair or intoxicate.
What does CBC feel like?
There's no reliable answer: CBC's subjective effects have not been characterised in controlled human studies. Some users and marketers report it feels mild and non-intoxicating, often as part of full-spectrum products — but these are anecdotal impressions, not established effects, and CBC produces no THC-like high. (Not medical advice.)
Is CBC sedating, energizing, or neutral?
Not established. Whether CBC is sedating, energizing, or neutral has not been shown in controlled human research. It is non-intoxicating; any "relaxing" impression people report is anecdotal, often from full-spectrum products containing other compounds and terpenes. We don't claim a sedative effect the evidence doesn't support. (Not medical advice.)
Is CBC legal?
CBC's legality depends on your jurisdiction and the source. In the US, CBC derived from hemp (≤0.3% Δ9-THC) is broadly classed as federally legal, but state rules and product-class rules vary. Elsewhere, food/supplement use may be restricted. Verify current local law. (Not legal advice.)
Is CBC legal federally (2018 Farm Bill)?
Generally yes, with one caveat. In the US, the 2018 Farm Bill legalised hemp and its derivatives containing no more than 0.3% Δ9-THC by dry weight, which generally covers hemp-derived CBC. But the FDA has not approved CBC as a food or supplement ingredient, so a lawful hemp derivative is not automatically a lawful food ingredient, and the rules are still evolving. Verify current law. (Not legal advice.)
Is CBC legal in my state?
CBC's status varies by state, and we can't confirm your specific location or product here. Many US states follow the federal hemp framework, but some restrict certain hemp-derived or converted cannabinoids, and product-class rules (food, supplement, inhalable) differ. Check your state's current cannabis/hemp regulations. (Not legal advice.)
Is CBC legal in the UK, EU, or Canada?
Generally no — not as a food or supplement you can freely sell. In the UK and EU, extracted cannabinoids like CBC fall under "novel food" rules, so food and supplement sales require authorisation and remain restricted. In Canada, phytocannabinoids including CBC are regulated under the Cannabis Act, not sold as free-market supplements. Status changes over time — verify official sources. (Not legal advice.)
What are the benefits of CBC?
Honestly, no benefit of CBC is established in humans. In laboratory (in-vitro) studies CBC acts on the TRPA1 channel, inhibits cellular anandamide uptake (De Petrocellis 2011), and shows antibacterial activity (Appendino 2008) — mechanisms in a dish, graded Emerging, and not proven benefits in a person. The marketed mood, pain and inflammation claims remain preclinical only. (Not medical advice.)
What is CBC used for?
CBC is mainly used as an ingredient in full-spectrum hemp products and minor-cannabinoid formulations, marketed alongside CBD. Sellers promote it for mood, inflammation and skin, but these uses are not established in humans — the supporting research is preclinical (lab and animal) only. (Not medical advice.)
Does CBC help with mood, inflammation, or pain?
Not established in humans. Some preclinical (animal and lab) studies report antidepressant-like, anti-inflammatory or pain-related effects, and CBC is widely marketed on that basis — but no controlled human trial has confirmed any of them, so our registry holds no primary evidence of a benefit in people. The popular "CBC antidepressant" claim is preclinical only. (Not medical advice.)
Is there human or clinical evidence for CBC?
Essentially none — and that is an absence of testing, not a test that came back negative. No controlled human clinical trial has established CBC's effects or benefits, because none has been run. The available research is preclinical: cell and animal studies of mechanisms such as its action on the TRPA1 channel (De Petrocellis 2011). CBC's human efficacy and safety remain catalogue in progress. (Not medical advice.)
Is CBC safe?
CBC's safety in humans is not established — there are no controlled human safety trials. It is non-intoxicating, and no major safety alarms are documented, but long-term effects, higher doses, and drug interactions are unstudied. If you take medications or have a health condition, consult a clinician first. (Not medical advice.)
What are the side effects of CBC?
CBC's side-effect profile in humans has not been formally studied, so a reliable list doesn't exist. As a non-intoxicating cannabinoid it isn't known to cause a "high," but effects, tolerability and interactions are uncharacterised. Products often contain other cannabinoids too. Consult a clinician with concerns. (Not medical advice.)
Can you take too much CBC?
There's no established safe or maximum dose for CBC, because human dosing hasn't been studied — so we can't define "too much," and we don't give dosing advice. As a general principle, more of any supplement isn't better. Discuss any cannabinoid use with a healthcare professional. (Not medical advice.)
Does CBC interact with medications?
CBC-specific drug-interaction data in humans is essentially absent, so interactions can't be ruled out. Cannabinoids can affect drug-metabolising enzymes in general, which may matter if you take other medications. Because this is uncharacterised for CBC, consult a clinician or pharmacist before combining it with any drug. (Not medical advice.)
Will CBC show up on a drug test?
Standard drug tests look for THC and its metabolite (THC-COOH), not CBC, so pure CBC is not the target and shouldn't trigger a positive by itself. The real risk is that full- or broad-spectrum CBC products can contain trace THC, which can cause a failed test. (Not medical advice.)
Does CBC contain THC?
No — CBC (cannabichromene) is a distinct molecule and contains no THC; the two are chemically different cannabinoids. However, a CBC product can contain THC if it's full- or broad-spectrum and made from cannabis or hemp. Check the certificate of analysis (COA) for THC content.
Can CBC make you fail a drug test?
CBC itself is not what drug tests detect, so the molecule alone is unlikely to cause a failure. But many CBC products are full- or broad-spectrum and may contain trace THC — and it is THC, not CBC, that triggers a positive. Read the batch certificate of analysis (COA) before you buy; a missing COA is a reason to walk away. (Not medical advice.)
How do you take CBC?
CBC is usually taken in the same formats as CBD: oils and tinctures held under the tongue then swallowed, capsules, edibles, topicals for the skin, or vaporised products. It's most often sold within full-spectrum or minor-cannabinoid blends rather than alone. We give no dosing advice. (Not medical advice.)
What products or forms does CBC come in?
CBC appears mainly in full-spectrum and "minor cannabinoid" hemp products: oil tinctures, softgels/capsules, gummies and edibles, topical balms and creams, and vape/concentrate formats. Pure CBC isolate exists but is less common than CBD. Availability and quality vary widely — always check the certificate of analysis (COA).
How much CBC should I take?
We don't provide dosing advice, and there is no established CBC dose: human dosing has not been studied, so no evidence-based amount exists. Products label their own serving sizes, but those aren't clinically validated. If you're considering CBC, discuss it with a healthcare professional. (Not medical advice.)
How long does CBC take to work or last?
CBC's pharmacokinetics — onset, duration, absorption — have not been characterised in humans, so we can't give CBC-specific timings. As a general rule of route (not a CBC claim), inhaled and under-the-tongue products tend to act sooner, while swallowed edibles act later but longer. (Not medical advice.)
CBC vs CBD — what's the difference?
Both are non-intoxicating phytocannabinoids made from CBGA, but they're distinct molecules with different structures and lab pharmacology — CBC is notably a TRPA1-channel agonist in vitro (De Petrocellis 2011). CBD is far more studied, with an approved epilepsy medicine; CBC has essentially no human data. (Not medical advice.)
CBC vs THC — what's the difference?
The key difference is intoxication: THC is intoxicating (it activates the CB1 receptor), while CBC is non-intoxicating and doesn't produce a high. Both derive from CBGA (via the THCA and CBCA branches). THC is heavily studied with approved medicines; CBC's effects in people are largely unstudied. (Not medical advice.)
CBC vs CBG — how do they compare?
Both are non-intoxicating and both trace to CBGA — CBG is the decarboxylated "mother" itself, while CBC is a separate branch (via CBCA). They're distinct molecules with different lab pharmacology. Neither has robust human evidence; CBG has one small human trial, CBC has essentially none. (Not medical advice.)
Which is better for inflammation, CBC or CBD?
We can't say — there is no head-to-head human evidence, so any "better for inflammation" claim would be unsupported. Both show anti-inflammatory-related activity in preclinical (lab and animal) studies only, never confirmed in people, and our registry holds no primary evidence ranking one above the other. CBD is more studied overall, but volume of study is not proof of superiority. (Not medical advice.)
What is CBC's formula and structure?
CBC's molecular formula is C21H30O2, molecular weight about 314.46 g/mol, CAS 20675-51-8. It is a chromene-type cannabinoid — built on a 2H-chromene ring with a pentyl side chain. Notably, CBC, CBD and THC are structural isomers: same formula (C21H30O2), different arrangements.
How is CBC made or extracted?
In the plant, CBGA is converted by CBCA synthase into CBCA, which loses CO2 on heating (decarboxylation) to become CBC. Commercially, CBC is extracted from hemp/cannabis biomass (e.g. CO2 or ethanol extraction) and purified by chromatography; it can also be produced synthetically. The plant route is verified biochemistry (Zirpel 2018).
Is CBC a major cannabinoid or a minor one?
CBC is usually counted among the "major" phytocannabinoids by structure and biosynthesis — one of the principal branches the plant builds from CBGA, alongside CBG, CBD and THC. In practice, though, CBC is typically present in only small amounts in most cultivars, so the market counts it as a minor cannabinoid. Both descriptions are Established; they simply answer different questions — one about biosynthesis, one about abundance.
What is CBCA — does CBC come from an acid?
Yes. CBC comes from CBCA (cannabichromenic acid), its raw-plant acidic form. The plant makes CBCA from CBGA via CBCA synthase; heat then decarboxylates CBCA into CBC. CBCA's formula is C22H30O4 (CAS 185505-15-1). Raw, unheated material carries the acid; heating converts it to neutral CBC. (Zirpel 2018.)
Where can I buy CBC?
CBC is sold by hemp and cannabinoid retailers online and in some dispensaries and wellness shops, usually within full-spectrum oils or minor-cannabinoid blends rather than as isolate. We don't endorse specific brands. Wherever you buy, insist on a current third-party certificate of analysis (COA). (Not legal or medical advice.)
Why is CBC rare or expensive?
CBC usually occurs in only small concentrations in the plant, so isolating meaningful quantities takes more biomass and processing than CBD. It also converts from CBCA and can degrade (e.g. to CBL under light), and demand is niche. Together, low yield and extra purification make CBC costlier and less common.
How do I know a CBC product is real (COA / lab test)?
Ask for a current, third-party certificate of analysis (COA) tied to that product's batch. A good COA lists the cannabinoid content (confirming actual CBC levels), shows the THC level, and screens for contaminants (pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents, microbials). The label should match the COA. If there's no COA, don't buy.
Is CBC worth trying?
That's your call, and here is what is checkable about CBC. Its identity and laboratory pharmacology are verified, but no human trial establishes its benefits or safety — marketed effects are preclinical only. If you try it, choose COA-verified products and consult a clinician first. (Not medical advice.)
What should I look for when buying CBC?
Look for: a current third-party COA matching the batch; clearly stated CBC content; a THC level within legal limits (important for drug tests); and clean contaminant screening (pesticides, heavy metals, solvents, microbials). Prefer transparent brands, check whether it's isolate or full-spectrum, and be skeptical of health claims. (Not medical advice.)
Where every CBC claim on this page comes from
Every paper cited on this page, with what it actually tested. None is a graded record in this platform’s registry; each is cited off-registry and labelled as such.
The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis
Preclinical · mouse macrophages + murine colitis model
Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation
Preclinical · gene expression in mouse intestine
The effect of cannabichromene on adult neural stem/progenitor cells
In vitro · mouse neural stem/progenitor cells
The rest of the family.
Seven compounds, each with its own monograph. The line under each one is what the verified registry actually holds for it — including where that is nothing yet.
Cannabigerol (CBG)
The mother cannabinoid. CBGa decarboxylates to CBG, and both occur in the plant — it is CBGa that the three synthases branch into THC, CBD and CBC. The best-evidenced compound on this platform.
Cannabigerolic acid (CBGa)
The acid CBG comes from, and the shared substrate the three branch synthases compete for. Decarboxylates to CBG with heat.
Cannabigerovarin (CBGV)
The propyl (varin) analogue of CBG — a three-carbon side chain instead of five.
Cannabinol (CBN)
Forms as THC ages and oxidises, so it accumulates in stored material rather than being made by the plant directly.
Cannabidivarin (CBDV)
The propyl analogue of CBD, and the varin with the largest published human trial record.
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
The propyl analogue of THC, with receptor behaviour that differs from it in laboratory work.